Start Learning Free

Before You Begin

Question #44224

Difficulty: 8/10 | 🟢 Free

The Question

Calculate the boiling point elevation (ΔTb\Delta T_b) of a 2.00 molal2.00\text{ molal} aqueous solution of a non-volatile, non-electrolyte solute.

Given data: Standard enthalpy of vaporization of water at 298 K298\text{ K}, ΔHvap∘(298 K)=44.0 kJ mol−1\Delta H_{vap}^\circ(298\text{ K}) = 44.0\text{ kJ mol}^{-1} Molar heat capacities at constant pressure: Cp,m(\ceH2O,l)=75.0 J K−1mol−1C_{p,m}(\ce{H2O}, l) = 75.0\text{ J K}^{-1}\text{mol}^{-1}, Cp,m(\ceH2O,g)=35.0 J K−1mol−1C_{p,m}(\ce{H2O}, g) = 35.0\text{ J K}^{-1}\text{mol}^{-1} Boiling point of pure water, Tb∘=373 KT_b^\circ = 373\text{ K} Universal gas constant, R=8.314 J K−1mol−1R = 8.314\text{ J K}^{-1}\text{mol}^{-1} Molar mass of water, M=18.0 g mol−1M = 18.0\text{ g mol}^{-1}

Assume Cp,mC_{p,m} values are independent of temperature.

Options

  • A.

    1.02 K1.02\text{ K}

  • B.

    0.95 K0.95\text{ K}

  • C.

    0.89 K0.89\text{ K}

  • D.

    0.51 K0.51\text{ K}

Check Your Answer

Correct Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Explanation

How the Examiner Thinks

Numerical_Precision

Improve calculation stamina and avoid rounding errors in high-stakes competitive examinations.

Concepts Behind This Question

Enthalpy Definition|Boiling Point Elevation (Solvent vs Solution)|Solubility of Solids in Liquids

Why This Question Is Tricky

Common Mistakes

This problem tests the intersection of Colligative Properties and Thermochemistry.

The 'Hidden Variable' is the temperature dependence of enthalpy (Kirchhoff's Law).

Students frequently memorize the KbK_b derivation formula but blindly plug in the standard enthalpy of vaporization (ΔH∘\Delta H^\circ at 298 K298\text{ K}) provided in the data.

Because phase transition formulas require thermodynamic parameters evaluated exactly at the transition temperature (373 K373\text{ K}), failing to correct the enthalpy via ΔCp\Delta C_p leads directly to the distractor option 0.95 K0.95\text{ K}.

Quick Facts About This Question

Question Information

SubjectChemistry
ChapterThermodynamics - Class 11 Part 1
ConceptEnthalpy Definition
Difficulty8
Cognitive Load7
Target Solve Time160 sec
AccessFree