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Question #59844
The Question
A student is asked to calculate the variance of the eigenvalues of a singular matrix . Due to a reading error in a single entry, the student instead uses a non-singular matrix . This error alters the determinant but leaves the trace and the sum of the principal minors of order unchanged. The student correctly calculates the mean and variance of the eigenvalues of to be and respectively.
Upon discovering the error, the student recalculates the variance for the true matrix . However, seeing that is singular, the student mistakenly discards the zero eigenvalue and calculates the variance of only the non-zero eigenvalues, obtaining a value . If is the actual variance of all the eigenvalues of , find the value of .
Options
- A.
- B.
- C.
4
- D.
Check Your Answer
Correct Answer
Step-by-Step Solution
Explanation
How the Examiner Thinks
Bridge
Practice problems that bridge the gap between foundational theory and advanced practical application.
Concepts Behind This Question
Correction of Incorrect Mean/Variance|Characteristic Equation|Singular vs Non-Singular Matrices
Why This Question Is Tricky
Examiner Levers
Recursive Logic
The answer to part A is required to solve part B (Step-wise failure test).
Difficulty Boost : +5Common Mistakes
This question tests the intersection of matrix characteristic equations and statistical variance.
The primary trap lies in the treatment of the singular matrix: students often incorrectly assume that a zero eigenvalue should be discarded from the data set when calculating variance, confusing the 'set of non-zero eigenvalues' with the complete spectrum.
Furthermore, it highlights a deep conceptual property: the variance of the eigenvalues of a matrix depends only on its trace and the sum of its principal minors of order 2.
Thus, is identical to the variance of the incorrect matrix regardless of the determinant, rewarding students who recognize this invariant property.
Quick Facts About This Question
Question Information
| Subject | Mathematics |
| Chapter | Statistics - Class 11 |
| Concept | Correction of Incorrect Mean/Variance |
| Difficulty | 8 |
| Cognitive Load | 7 |
| Target Solve Time | 170 sec |
| Access | Free |