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Question #59844

Difficulty: 8/10 | 🟢 Free

The Question

A student is asked to calculate the variance of the eigenvalues of a 3×33 \times 3 singular matrix AA. Due to a reading error in a single entry, the student instead uses a non-singular matrix BB. This error alters the determinant but leaves the trace and the sum of the principal minors of order 22 unchanged. The student correctly calculates the mean and variance of the eigenvalues of BB to be 44 and 323\frac{32}{3} respectively.

Upon discovering the error, the student recalculates the variance for the true matrix AA. However, seeing that AA is singular, the student mistakenly discards the zero eigenvalue and calculates the variance of only the non-zero eigenvalues, obtaining a value VwrongV_{\text{wrong}}. If VtrueV_{\text{true}} is the actual variance of all the eigenvalues of AA, find the value of ∣Vtrue−Vwrong∣|V_{\text{true}} - V_{\text{wrong}}|.

Options

  • A.

    203\frac{20}{3}

  • B.

    163\frac{16}{3}

  • C.

    4

  • D.

    323\frac{32}{3}

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Correct Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Explanation

How the Examiner Thinks

Bridge

Practice problems that bridge the gap between foundational theory and advanced practical application.

Concepts Behind This Question

Correction of Incorrect Mean/Variance|Characteristic Equation|Singular vs Non-Singular Matrices

Why This Question Is Tricky

Examiner Levers

Recursive Logic

The answer to part A is required to solve part B (Step-wise failure test).

Difficulty Boost : +5

Common Mistakes

This question tests the intersection of matrix characteristic equations and statistical variance.

The primary trap lies in the treatment of the singular matrix: students often incorrectly assume that a zero eigenvalue should be discarded from the data set when calculating variance, confusing the 'set of non-zero eigenvalues' with the complete spectrum.

Furthermore, it highlights a deep conceptual property: the variance of the eigenvalues of a matrix depends only on its trace and the sum of its principal minors of order 2.

Thus, VtrueV_{\text{true}} is identical to the variance of the incorrect matrix BB regardless of the determinant, rewarding students who recognize this invariant property.

Quick Facts About This Question

Question Information

SubjectMathematics
ChapterStatistics - Class 11
ConceptCorrection of Incorrect Mean/Variance
Difficulty8
Cognitive Load7
Target Solve Time170 sec
AccessFree