Before You Begin
Question #47410
The Question
A 62-year-old post-menopausal woman presents with severe osteoporosis. Clinical evaluation reveals not only a profound estrogen deficiency but also chronic cardiovascular hypertension resulting in persistently elevated Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF). Based on the principles of endocrine integration, how does the chronic elevation of ANF synergistically exacerbate her skeletal disorder?
Options
- A.
ANF directly upregulates osteoclastogenesis by binding to intracellular steroid receptors in the bone matrix.
- B.
ANF induces potent vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole, reducing GFR and preventing calcium absorption.
- C.
ANF inhibits renal tubular reabsorption, promoting the urinary excretion of calcium (calciuresis) which compounds the systemic calcium deficit.
- D.
ANF acts synergistically with Thyrocalcitonin (TCT) to extract calcium from the bone matrix to lower blood pressure.
Check Your Answer
Correct Answer
Step-by-Step Solution
Explanation
How the Examiner Thinks
Regulatory_Failure
Understand how NOT, EXCEPT, and logical constraints are used to manipulate exam results.
Concepts Behind This Question
Estrogen|Osteoblasts|Blood_Volume|ANF
Why This Question Is Tricky
Common Mistakes
Conceptual Pivot: Students often compartmentalize human physiology.
This question forces the synthesis of Chapter 20 (Skeletal System/Osteoporosis) and Chapter 22 (Endocrine/ANF).
The trap lies in understanding the secondary systemic effects of ANF (renal excretion of electrolytes) and how a cardiovascular compensatory mechanism can inadvertently fuel a skeletal pathology by disrupting calcium homeostasis.
It also tests the micro-terminology of hormone receptor locations (peptide vs steroid).
Quick Facts About This Question
Question Information
| Subject | Biology |
| Chapter | Locomotion and Movement - Class 11 |
| Concept | Osteoporosis vs. Arthritis |
| Difficulty | 8 |
| Cognitive Load | 5 |
| Target Solve Time | 120 sec |
| Access | Free |