Question #46980

Pathogenic fungi evade the host's innate immune system by masking their cell wall chitin and $\beta$-glucans with an outer layer of $\alpha$-glucans. Consider the following statements regarding this evasion strategy: I. It prevents the recognition of Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) by host macrophages. II. It directly inhibits the action of perforins released by T-cytotoxic cells. III. The failure of host recognition here is conceptually analogous to a false-negative Widal test caused by altered surface antigens. IV. It leads to an immediate and robust activation of the humoral immune response. Which of the statements are correct?