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Question #46710
The Question
Despite possessing genetic material capable of dictating the synthesis of complex proteins, viruses are excluded from Whittaker's Five Kingdom Classification and violate the Cell Theory. Which of the following represents the primary structural and functional deficit that necessitates their obligate intracellular parasitism?
Options
- A.
The absence of a semi-permeable phospholipid envelope to enclose their nucleoprotein complex.
- B.
The inability to replicate their genome due to the complete absence of viral-encoded polymerases.
- C.
The lack of autonomous translational machinery and ATP-generating metabolic pathways.
- D.
The presence of either DNA or RNA, but never both, which inherently prevents independent transcription.
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Correct Answer
Step-by-Step Solution
Explanation
How the Examiner Thinks
Evolutionary_Exception
Tackle problems where standard rules evolve or change based on specific environmental constraints.
Concepts Behind This Question
Viruses|Viroids|Prions|Cell Theory Exceptions
Why This Question Is Tricky
Common Mistakes
Conceptual Pivot: Students often confuse the defining characteristics of viruses (e.g., having either DNA or RNA) with the mechanistic reason for their obligate intracellular parasitism.
The trap lies in Option B and D.
Students might assume viruses lack all enzymes, forgetting that some carry specific polymerases (like reverse transcriptase).
The absolute functional deficit that prevents them from being 'living cells' is the absence of ribosomes and energy-yielding metabolism.
Quick Facts About This Question
Question Information
| Subject | Biology |
| Chapter | Cell – The Unit of Life - Class 11 |
| Concept | Cell Theory Exceptions |
| Difficulty | 8 |
| Cognitive Load | 5 |
| Target Solve Time | 120 sec |
| Access | Free |