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Question #46504
The Question
Artificial active immunity relies on the principle of immune 'memory'. However, inducing this memory against HIV presents a unique biological paradox. Which of the following best describes the systemic immunological fallout that sabotages the generation of active immunity in an HIV-infected individual?
Options
- A.
The viral RNA is converted to DNA and integrates into the genome of Cytotoxic T-cells (Tc), directly preventing the cell-mediated destruction of infected cells.
- B.
HIV specifically depletes CD4+ T-helper cells, incapacitating the central orchestrators required to stimulate B-lymphocytes and Cytotoxic T-cells for memory formation.
- C.
Macrophages act as 'HIV factories' and undergo rapid apoptosis, leading to a complete collapse of the innate phagocytic barrier before adaptive memory can form.
- D.
The reverse transcriptase enzyme directly inhibits the differentiation of memory B-cells into antibody-producing plasma cells during the secondary immune response.
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Correct Answer
Step-by-Step Solution
Explanation
How the Examiner Thinks
Regulatory_Failure
Understand how NOT, EXCEPT, and logical constraints are used to manipulate exam results.
Concepts Behind This Question
HIV|T-helper cells|Active Immunity|Reverse Transcriptase
Why This Question Is Tricky
Common Mistakes
Conceptual Pivot: Students often memorize that HIV causes immunodeficiency, but fail to mechanistically link this to the failure of vaccination.
The trap lies in confusing the specific cellular targets (T-helper vs.
Cytotoxic T-cells) and misinterpreting the fate of macrophages (survival vs. apoptosis as per NCERT lines).
Quick Facts About This Question
Question Information
| Subject | Biology |
| Chapter | Human Health and Disease - Class 12 |
| Concept | Active vs Passive Immunity |
| Difficulty | 8 |
| Cognitive Load | 5 |
| Target Solve Time | 120 sec |
| Access | Free |