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Question #46365
The Question
In a clinical case of chronic essential hypertension driven by a maladaptive, hyperactive Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS), several cardiovascular and renal hemodynamic changes occur. Which of the following statements regarding this physiological state is INCORRECT?
Options
- A.
Angiotensin II acts as a potent vasoconstrictor, elevating systemic vascular resistance and increasing the afterload on the left ventricle.
- B.
Aldosterone promotes obligatory water and sodium reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule, significantly increasing cardiac preload.
- C.
The sustained elevation in systemic arterial pressure forces the ventricular myocardium to compensate, leading to left ventricular hypertrophy.
- D.
Increased venous return and subsequent stretching of the atrial walls stimulate the secretion of Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF) to antagonize the RAAS.
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Correct Answer
Step-by-Step Solution
Explanation
How the Examiner Thinks
Regulatory_Failure
Understand how NOT, EXCEPT, and logical constraints are used to manipulate exam results.
Concepts Behind This Question
Conducting System Sequence|RAAS Mechanism|Hypertension vs Hypotension Logic
Why This Question Is Tricky
Common Mistakes
Location Specificity and Micro-Terminology Trap.
The conceptual pivot relies on distinguishing between 'obligatory' reabsorption in the PCT and 'conditional' hormone-driven reabsorption in the DCT.
Students often gloss over the specific nephron segment and the exact terminology when they see a generally true physiological outcome (increased preload/blood volume).
Quick Facts About This Question
Question Information
| Subject | Biology |
| Chapter | Body Fluids and Circulation - Class 11 |
| Concept | Conducting System Sequence |
| Difficulty | 8 |
| Cognitive Load | 5 |
| Target Solve Time | 120 sec |
| Access | Free |