Before You Begin

Question #46295

Difficulty: 8/10 | 🟢 Free

The Question

The Hamburger phenomenon (Chloride shift) in human erythrocytes and the osmotic regulation of plant guard cells both rely on specific anion fluxes to maintain electrochemical balance. Considering the physiological dynamics of $CO_2$ and these ion shifts, which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

Options

A.
In erythrocytes, $Cl^-$ influx balances $HCO_3^-$ efflux, whereas in guard cells, $Cl^-$ influx electrically balances $K^+$ uptake during stomatal opening.
B.
Elevated tissue $pCO_2$ accelerates the Hamburger phenomenon, whereas elevated sub-stomatal $CO_2$ concentration ( $C_i$ ) induces guard cell flaccidity and stomatal closure.
C.
Carbonic anhydrase in RBCs facilitates $CO_2$ hydration, whereas in guard cells, high internal $CO_2$ directly stimulates the plasma membrane $H^+$ -ATPase to drive $K^+$ influx for enhanced carbon fixation.
D.
The $Cl^-$ movement in both systems is driven by established electrochemical gradients rather than direct ATP consumption by the $Cl^-$ transporters themselves.

Check Your Answer

Correct Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Explanation

How the Examiner Thinks

Regulatory_Failure

Understand how NOT, EXCEPT, and logical constraints are used to manipulate exam results.

Concepts Behind This Question

Stomatal Apparatus Anatomy|Breathing and Exchange of Gases|CO2 Diffusion

Why This Question Is Tricky

Common Mistakes

Conceptual Pivot: Students often assume that because plants require $CO_2$ for photosynthesis, high internal $CO_2$ would stimulate stomatal opening to maximize carbon fixation.

In reality, high internal $CO_2$ acts as a negative feedback signal, inducing stomatal closure to prioritize water conservation.

The question also tests the ability to synthesize the role of $Cl^-$ as an electrical balancer in two completely different NCERT domains (Human Physiology and Plant Physiology).

Quick Facts About This Question

Question Information

Subject	Biology
Chapter	Anatomy of Flowering Plants - Class 11
Concept	Stomatal Apparatus Anatomy
Difficulty	8
Cognitive Load	5
Target Solve Time	120 sec
Access	Free