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Question #45188
The Question
Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) deficiency and emphysema (treated with α-1-antitrypsin) represent two distinct targets of biotechnological intervention. Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes their therapeutic dynamics and genetic implications?
Options
- A.
A1AT therapy involves somatic gene replacement in alveolar cells to inhibit elastase, while ADA therapy utilizes transgenic animals to produce the missing enzyme for periodic infusions.
- B.
Standard somatic gene therapy for ADA utilizes a retroviral vector to restore an intracellular enzyme but remains non-heritable, whereas A1AT is a transgenic biological product that acts as a protease inhibitor.
- C.
Introduction of ADA cDNA into an adult patient's lymphocytes provides a permanent, heritable germline correction, unlike the transient systemic protein replacement of A1AT.
- D.
While A1AT is an intracellular enzyme required for lymphocyte maturation, ADA is a secreted plasma protein that maintains structural homeostasis in the lungs by preventing tissue degradation.
Check Your Answer
Correct Answer
Step-by-Step Solution
Explanation
How the Examiner Thinks
Regulatory_Failure
Understand how NOT, EXCEPT, and logical constraints are used to manipulate exam results.
Concepts Behind This Question
Alpha-1 Antitrypsin|Biopiracy and Patents|GEAC Oversight
Why This Question Is Tricky
Common Mistakes
Conceptual Pivot: Distinguishing between somatic gene therapy (cellular, non-heritable) and biological product administration (systemic protein).
A common misconception is that any gene therapy, especially involving bone marrow or stem cells, results in a permanent, heritable (germline) cure.
NCERT strictly notes that ADA gene therapy is only a permanent cure if introduced at early embryonic stages.
Quick Facts About This Question
Question Information
| Subject | Biology |
| Chapter | Biotechnology and Its Applications - Class 12 |
| Concept | Alpha-1 Antitrypsin |
| Difficulty | 8 |
| Cognitive Load | 5 |
| Target Solve Time | 120 sec |
| Access | Free |