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Question #44823

Difficulty: 8/10 | 🟢 Free

The Question

Consider two outer-sphere single-electron transfer reactions occurring at 300 K300\text{ K}: Reaction I: \ceM13++Red2+−>M12++Red3+\ce{M_1^{3+} + Red^{2+} -> M_1^{2+} + Red^{3+}} Reaction II: \ceM23++Red2+−>M22++Red3+\ce{M_2^{3+} + Red^{2+} -> M_2^{2+} + Red^{3+}} The standard reduction potentials are given as: E∘(\ceM13+/M12+)=1.50 VE^\circ(\ce{M_1^{3+}/M_1^{2+}}) = 1.50\text{ V} E∘(\ceM23+/M22+)=1.14 VE^\circ(\ce{M_2^{3+}/M_2^{2+}}) = 1.14\text{ V} E∘(\ceRed3+/Red2+)=0.30 VE^\circ(\ce{Red^{3+}/Red^{2+}}) = 0.30\text{ V} For these homologous redox reactions, the activation energy (EaE_a) follows the linear free energy relationship: Ea=Ea,0−0.5FΔErxn∘E_a = E_{a,0} - 0.5 F \Delta E^\circ_{\text{rxn}}, where Ea,0E_{a,0} is a constant and ΔErxn∘\Delta E^\circ_{\text{rxn}} is the standard cell potential of the reaction. The collision frequency factor for Reaction II is 100 times that of Reaction I (AII=100AIA_{II} = 100 A_I). Assuming 2.303RTF=0.06 V\frac{2.303 RT}{F} = 0.06\text{ V} at 300 K300\text{ K}, what is the ratio of the rate constants kIkII\frac{k_I}{k_{II}}?

Options

  • A.

    1010

  • B.

    10−210^{-2}

  • C.

    10−510^{-5}

  • D.

    10410^4

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Correct Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Explanation

How the Examiner Thinks

Numerical_Precision

Improve calculation stamina and avoid rounding errors in high-stakes competitive examinations.

Concepts Behind This Question

Collision Frequency vs. Effective Collisions|E° (M³⁺/M²⁺) Redox Potential

Why This Question Is Tricky

Common Mistakes

This problem tests the intersection of Chemical Kinetics and Electrochemistry via a Linear Free Energy Relationship (LFER), a simplified Marcus Theory concept.

The core trap lies in conflating the collision frequency (A-factor) with the actual reaction rate.

Students often assume that a higher collision frequency (AII=100AIA_{II} = 100 A_I) guarantees a faster reaction.

However, the thermodynamic driving force (ΔE∘\Delta E^\circ) heavily influences the activation energy (EaE_a).

Reaction I has a much higher thermodynamic driving force, significantly lowering its activation barrier.

The exponential Boltzmann factor (e−Ea/RTe^{-E_a/RT}) overwhelmingly compensates for the lower collision frequency, making Reaction I 10 times faster.

Distractors represent ignoring the exponential factor (10−210^{-2}), sign errors in the Arrhenius equation (10−510^{-5}), or missing the 0.5 transfer coefficient (10410^4).

Quick Facts About This Question

Question Information

SubjectChemistry
ChapterChemical Kinetics - Class 12
ConceptCollision Frequency vs. Effective Collisions
Difficulty8
Cognitive Load7
Target Solve Time160 sec
AccessFree