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Question #44815

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The Question

Consider the alkylation of 2-methylcyclohexanone (KK) with methyl iodide (\ce{CH3I}) in a protic solvent BHBH using a base B−B^- at 298 K. The reaction proceeds via a fast, reversible proton abstraction to form two enolate intermediates: E1E_1 (kinetic, less substituted) and E2E_2 (thermodynamic, more substituted). This is followed by a slow, irreversible alkylation step to yield products P1P_1 and P2P_2, respectively.

Given the following thermodynamic and kinetic parameters at 298 K:

  • Standard free energy difference between the enolates: G∘(E2)−G∘(E1)=−11.42 kJ/molG^\circ(E_2) - G^\circ(E_1) = -11.42 \text{ kJ/mol}
  • Activation free energy difference for the alkylation step: ΔG2‡−ΔG1‡=17.13 kJ/mol\Delta G^\ddagger_2 - \Delta G^\ddagger_1 = 17.13 \text{ kJ/mol} (Assume identical pre-exponential factors for the alkylation steps, and use 2.303RT=5.71 kJ/mol2.303 RT = 5.71 \text{ kJ/mol} at 298 K)

Assuming [E1],[E2]≪[K][E_1], [E_2] \ll [K], let Keq1K_{eq1} and Keq2K_{eq2} be the equilibrium constants for the formation of E1E_1 and E2E_2, and k1k_1 and k2k_2 be their respective alkylation rate constants. Which of the following correctly represents the overall rate law for the consumption of \ce{CH3I} and the product ratio [P1]/[P2][P_1]/[P_2]?

Options

  • A.

    Rate=(k1Keq1+k2Keq2)[K][B−][BH][\ceCH3I];[P1][P2]=10\text{Rate} = (k_1 K_{eq1} + k_2 K_{eq2}) \frac{[K][B^-]}{[BH]} [\ce{CH3I}] \quad ; \quad \frac{[P_1]}{[P_2]} = 10

  • B.

    Rate=(k1Keq1+k2Keq2)[K][B−][BH][\ceCH3I];[P1][P2]=0.01\text{Rate} = (k_1 K_{eq1} + k_2 K_{eq2}) \frac{[K][B^-]}{[BH]} [\ce{CH3I}] \quad ; \quad \frac{[P_1]}{[P_2]} = 0.01

  • C.

    Rate=(k1+k2)[K][B−][\ceCH3I];[P1][P2]=1000\text{Rate} = (k_1 + k_2) [K][B^-] [\ce{CH3I}] \quad ; \quad \frac{[P_1]}{[P_2]} = 1000

  • D.

    Rate=k2Keq2[K][B−][BH][\ceCH3I];[P1][P2]=0.1\text{Rate} = k_2 K_{eq2} \frac{[K][B^-]}{[BH]} [\ce{CH3I}] \quad ; \quad \frac{[P_1]}{[P_2]} = 0.1

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Correct Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Explanation

How the Examiner Thinks

Exception_Exposure

Learn to identify edge cases and boundary exceptions that JEE examiners hide in math problems.

Concepts Behind This Question

Rate Law Derivation from Mechanism|Enolate Regioselectivity|Reaction Progress Coordinate

Why This Question Is Tricky

Common Mistakes

This question tests the Curtin-Hammett principle and pre-equilibrium rate law derivation.

The 'Hidden Variable' is that the product distribution is not determined solely by the stability of the intermediates (thermodynamic control) nor solely by the activation energy of the subsequent step, but by the difference in the standard free energies of the transition states.

Students often fall into the trap of assuming the major intermediate (E2E_2) yields the major product, leading to an incorrect ratio of 0.01.

Additionally, the rate law requires the inclusion of the solvent [BH][BH] in the denominator due to the stoichiometry of the proton abstraction equilibrium, which is frequently overlooked.

Quick Facts About This Question

Question Information

SubjectChemistry
ChapterChemical Kinetics - Class 12
ConceptRate Law Derivation from Mechanism
Difficulty8
Cognitive Load7
Target Solve Time160 sec
AccessFree