Start Learning Free

Before You Begin

Question #44322

Difficulty: 8/10 | 🟢 Free

The Question

Consider the following statements regarding the periodic properties, oxidation states, and acid-base nature of f-block elements and their oxides at 298 K298\text{ K}:

(I) The basicity of lanthanide(III) oxides (\ceLn2O3\ce{Ln2O3}) decreases smoothly from \ceLa2O3\ce{La2O3} to \ceLu2O3\ce{Lu2O3} due to the lanthanide contraction and the resulting increase in the polarizing power of \ceLn3+\ce{Ln^3+}. (II) The basicity of actinoid(III) oxides (\ceAn2O3\ce{An2O3}) decreases linearly from \ceAc2O3\ce{Ac2O3} to \ceLr2O3\ce{Lr2O3}, strictly mirroring the electrostatic trend of the actinoid contraction. (III) Late actinoid oxides exhibit a subtle increase in covalent character due to 5f5f orbital hybridization, which disrupts the linear relationship between ionic radius and basicity. (IV) Early actinoids (e.g., \ceTh\ce{Th}, \ceU\ce{U}, \ceNp\ce{Np}) predominantly form highly stable +3+3 oxides in aqueous media, whereas their higher oxidation state oxides are strongly oxidizing. (V) The 5f5f electrons provide poorer shielding of the nuclear charge than 4f4f electrons, resulting in a more pronounced element-to-element contraction in the actinoid series. (VI) The uranyl ion (\ceUO22+\ce{UO2^2+}) adopts a linear geometry due to the extensive participation of uranium's 5f5f and 6d6d orbitals in strong covalent bonding with oxygen.

How many of the above statements are CORRECT?

Options

  • A.

    2

  • B.

    3

  • C.

    4

  • D.

    5

Check Your Answer

Correct Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Explanation

How the Examiner Thinks

Exception_Exposure

Learn to identify edge cases and boundary exceptions that JEE examiners hide in math problems.

Concepts Behind This Question

Acid-Base Nature of Oxides|Periodic Properties of Lanthanides|Actinoid Oxidation State Variety

Why This Question Is Tricky

Common Mistakes

This question tests the 'Trend-Matching Trap'.

Students typically memorize the 'Lanthanide Contraction' and assume the 'Actinoid Contraction' perfectly mirrors it, predicting a smooth, linear decrease in basicity for \ceAn2O3\ce{An2O3} based purely on ionic radius (electrostatics).

The hidden variable is the radial extension of the 5f5f orbitals.

Unlike the deeply buried 4f4f orbitals, 5f5f orbitals can participate in bonding.

This leads to a subtle increase in covalency in late actinoid oxides, disrupting the linear basicity trend.

Furthermore, the question traps students who falsely assume early actinoids prefer the +3+3 state like lanthanides, ignoring the thermodynamic stability of higher oxidation states (like +6+6 in \ceUO22+\ce{UO2^2+}) due to 5f/6d/7s5f/6d/7s energy proximity.

Quick Facts About This Question

Question Information

SubjectChemistry
ChapterClassification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties - Class 11 Part 1
ConceptAcid-Base Nature of Oxides
Difficulty8
Cognitive Load7
Target Solve Time160 sec
AccessFree