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Question #43824

Difficulty: 8/10 | 🟢 Free

The Question

A physical pendulum is constructed using a rigid, massless rod of length LL pivoted freely at its upper end. Two small, massless containers are attached to the rod at distances L/2L/2 and LL from the pivot. Initially (t=0t=0), the container at L/2L/2 holds a mass m0m_0 of a radioactive isotope A, and the container at LL is empty. Isotope A decays into isotope B with a decay constant λ\lambda. By a continuous internal mechanism, isotope B is instantly transferred to the container at LL. Isotope B then decays into a stable gas C with a decay constant 2λ2\lambda, which instantly escapes the system completely. Assuming the atomic masses of A, B, and C are equal, find the angular frequency ω\omega of small oscillations of the pendulum at the exact instant the mass of isotope B is maximized. (Let gg be the acceleration due to gravity)

Options

  • A.

    4g3L\sqrt{\frac{4g}{3L}}

  • B.

    6g5L\sqrt{\frac{6g}{5L}}

  • C.

    2gL\sqrt{\frac{2g}{L}}

  • D.

    gL\sqrt{\frac{g}{L}}

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Correct Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Explanation

How the Examiner Thinks

Intuition_Breaker

Train your brain to resist "obvious" answers that are designed to deceive your intuition.

Concepts Behind This Question

Successive Decay Equilibrium|Physical Pendulum Inertia|Approximation (Small Angle)

Why This Question Is Tricky

Common Mistakes

This question tests the student's ability to couple radioactive successive decay equilibrium with rigid body dynamics.

The primary trap lies in the mass redistribution and the open-system nature of the pendulum.

Students often incorrectly assume mass conservation within the pendulum (forgetting gas C escapes) which leads to an incorrect moment of inertia and restoring torque.

Furthermore, rote memorization of the physical pendulum formula ω=mgd/I\omega = \sqrt{mgd/I} fails if the student cannot dynamically redefine the center of mass dd and total mass mm at the specific transient equilibrium state where dNB/dt=0dN_B/dt = 0.

Quick Facts About This Question

Question Information

SubjectPhysics
ChapterNuclei - Class 12
ConceptSuccessive Decay Equilibrium
Difficulty8
Cognitive Load7
Target Solve Time160 sec
AccessFree