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Question #43584

Difficulty: 8/10 | 🟢 Free

The Question

A linearly polarized plane electromagnetic wave of uniform intensity I0I_0 and wavelength λ\lambda is incident normally on a perfectly opaque, flat screen lying in the xx-yy plane. The screen has a long, narrow slit of width aa parallel to the yy-axis.

Due to diffraction, the transmitted wave spreads out. In the far-field (r≫ar \gg a), the time-averaged Poynting vector is directed radially outward from the slit. Its magnitude at a distance rr and angle θ\theta (measured from the zz-axis in the xx-zz plane) is given by: ∣⟨S⃗⟩∣=2P0πrcos⁡2θfor −π2≤θ≤π2|\langle \vec{S} \rangle| = \frac{2 P_0}{\pi r} \cos^2\theta \quad \text{for } -\frac{\pi}{2} \le \theta \le \frac{\pi}{2} where P0P_0 is the total transmitted power per unit length of the slit (in W/m\text{W/m}).

A perfectly absorbing, rigid semi-cylindrical surface of radius RR (R≫aR \gg a) is placed symmetrically behind the slit (centered on the yy-axis) to completely intercept the transmitted wave. What is the net radiation force per unit length exerted on this semi-cylindrical surface? (Let cc be the speed of light in vacuum)

Options

  • A.

    8P03πc\frac{8 P_0}{3 \pi c}

  • B.

    P0c\frac{P_0}{c}

  • C.

    2P0πc\frac{2 P_0}{\pi c}

  • D.

    4P03πc\frac{4 P_0}{3 \pi c}

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Correct Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Explanation

How the Examiner Thinks

Multi-Concept_Bridge

Master problems that require linking physics and math concepts to solve complex competitive questions.

Concepts Behind This Question

Diffraction vs Interference|Transverse Nature of EM Waves|Radiation Pressure|Vector Cross-Product

Why This Question Is Tricky

Common Mistakes

This question tests the misconception that radiation pressure can be treated purely as a scalar intensity effect (F=P0/cF = P_0/c).

Students often assume that since the total transmitted power is P0P_0, the forward momentum transfer rate must simply be P0/cP_0/c, ignoring the transverse nature of the diffracted wave.

Because the wave diffracts, the photons acquire transverse momentum components.

When absorbed by the semi-cylindrical screen, only the zz-component of the momentum flux contributes to the net forward force.

This requires integrating the projection of the Poynting vector over the curved surface, highlighting the vector nature of electromagnetic momentum and the proper application of the Maxwell stress tensor boundary conditions.

Quick Facts About This Question

Question Information

SubjectPhysics
ChapterWave Optics - Class 12
ConceptDiffraction vs Interference
Difficulty8
Cognitive Load7
Target Solve Time160 sec
AccessFree