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Question #43297

Difficulty: 8/10 | 🟢 Free

The Question

A rigid, rectangular superconducting loop of mass mm, self-inductance LL, and area SS, with its sides parallel to the xx and yy axes, is attached to a horizontal ideal spring of spring constant kk. The loop is constrained to oscillate on a frictionless horizontal surface along the xx-axis. A non-uniform, time-independent magnetic field is present in the region, given by B⃗=B0(1+αx)k^\vec{B} = B_0 (1 + \alpha x) \hat{k}, where B0B_0 and α\alpha are positive constants. The plane of the loop is parallel to the xyxy-plane. At t=0t = 0, the loop is at the equilibrium position of the spring (x=0x = 0) with velocity v0v_0, and the current in the loop is exactly zero. Which of the following expressions represents the angular frequency ω\omega of the subsequent harmonic oscillations?

Options

  • A.

    km+B02S2α2mL\sqrt{\frac{k}{m} + \frac{B_0^2 S^2 \alpha^2}{m L}}

  • B.

    km−B02S2α2mL\sqrt{\frac{k}{m} - \frac{B_0^2 S^2 \alpha^2}{m L}}

  • C.

    km+2B02S2α2mL\sqrt{\frac{k}{m} + \frac{2 B_0^2 S^2 \alpha^2}{m L}}

  • D.

    km\sqrt{\frac{k}{m}}

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Correct Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Explanation

How the Examiner Thinks

Multi-Concept_Bridge

Master problems that require linking physics and math concepts to solve complex competitive questions.

Concepts Behind This Question

Magnetic Flux Scalar Sign|SHM Definition via Differential Equation|L-C Circuit Analogy

Why This Question Is Tricky

Common Mistakes

This question tests the coupling of Faraday's Law with mechanical oscillatory dynamics in a zero-resistance regime.

A common lethal mistake is treating the magnetic potential energy as U=−μ⃗⋅B⃗U = -\vec{\mu} \cdot \vec{B} and substituting the position-dependent current I(x)I(x) before differentiating to find the force (F=−dU/dxF = -dU/dx).

This mathematically incorrect operation yields an extra factor of 2 (Option C), because F⃗=∇(μ⃗⋅B⃗)\vec{F} = \nabla(\vec{\mu} \cdot \vec{B}) is only valid when taking the gradient at constant current.

Alternatively, students may fail to recognize that in a superconducting loop, flux is strictly conserved, which acts as an additional conservative restoring force (a 'magnetic spring') rather than a velocity-dependent damping force.

Quick Facts About This Question

Question Information

SubjectPhysics
ChapterElectromagnetic Induction - Class 12
ConceptMagnetic Flux Scalar Sign
Difficulty8
Cognitive Load7
Target Solve Time160 sec
AccessFree