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Question #43244
The Question
Two coherent, plane electromagnetic waves of equal amplitude propagate in a homogeneous, isotropic, linear dielectric medium of relative permittivity and relative permeability . Wave 1 propagates along the -axis and is linearly polarized with its electric field vector oscillating parallel to the -axis. Wave 2 propagates along the -axis and is linearly polarized with its electric field vector oscillating parallel to the -axis. The electric field amplitude of each wave in the medium is . Consider a point in the medium where the electric fields of the two waves interfere constructively to yield a local maximum amplitude. At this point, what is the ratio of the time-averaged polarization energy density to the time-averaged magnetic energy density ?
(Note: The polarization energy density is defined as , where is the macroscopic polarization vector).
Options
- A.
1.5
- B.
2.0
- C.
0.75
- D.
6.0
Check Your Answer
Correct Answer
Step-by-Step Solution
Explanation
How the Examiner Thinks
Multi-Concept_Bridge
Master problems that require linking physics and math concepts to solve complex competitive questions.
Concepts Behind This Question
Superposition Principle|Energy Density Locality|Dielectric Polarization Logic|Integration
Why This Question Is Tricky
Common Mistakes
This question tests the vector nature of the superposition principle and the locality of energy density in a dielectric medium.
A common trap is assuming that because the electric fields are parallel and their energy density quadruples at a constructive interference maximum, the magnetic energy density must also quadruple.
However, for crossed beams, the magnetic fields are orthogonal () and add in quadrature, meaning the magnetic energy density only doubles.
Furthermore, it penalizes students who fail to distinguish between total electric energy density and polarization energy density, or who incorrectly apply the vacuum relation instead of the medium-dependent , ignoring the dielectric constant's effect on the magnetic field amplitude.
Quick Facts About This Question
Question Information
| Subject | Physics |
| Chapter | Wave Optics - Class 12 |
| Concept | Superposition Principle |
| Difficulty | 8 |
| Cognitive Load | 7 |
| Target Solve Time | 160 sec |
| Access | Free |