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Question #43244

Difficulty: 8/10 | 🟢 Free

The Question

Two coherent, plane electromagnetic waves of equal amplitude propagate in a homogeneous, isotropic, linear dielectric medium of relative permittivity κ=4\kappa = 4 and relative permeability μr=1\mu_r = 1. Wave 1 propagates along the +x+x-axis and is linearly polarized with its electric field vector E⃗1\vec{E}_1 oscillating parallel to the +z+z-axis. Wave 2 propagates along the +y+y-axis and is linearly polarized with its electric field vector E⃗2\vec{E}_2 oscillating parallel to the +z+z-axis. The electric field amplitude of each wave in the medium is E0E_0. Consider a point in the medium where the electric fields of the two waves interfere constructively to yield a local maximum amplitude. At this point, what is the ratio of the time-averaged polarization energy density ⟨uP⟩\langle u_P \rangle to the time-averaged magnetic energy density ⟨uB⟩\langle u_B \rangle?

(Note: The polarization energy density is defined as uP=12P⃗⋅E⃗u_P = \frac{1}{2} \vec{P} \cdot \vec{E}, where P⃗\vec{P} is the macroscopic polarization vector).

Options

  • A.

    1.5

  • B.

    2.0

  • C.

    0.75

  • D.

    6.0

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Correct Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Explanation

How the Examiner Thinks

Multi-Concept_Bridge

Master problems that require linking physics and math concepts to solve complex competitive questions.

Concepts Behind This Question

Superposition Principle|Energy Density Locality|Dielectric Polarization Logic|Integration

Why This Question Is Tricky

Common Mistakes

This question tests the vector nature of the superposition principle and the locality of energy density in a dielectric medium.

A common trap is assuming that because the electric fields are parallel and their energy density quadruples at a constructive interference maximum, the magnetic energy density must also quadruple.

However, for crossed beams, the magnetic fields are orthogonal (B⃗1⊥B⃗2\vec{B}_1 \perp \vec{B}_2) and add in quadrature, meaning the magnetic energy density only doubles.

Furthermore, it penalizes students who fail to distinguish between total electric energy density and polarization energy density, or who incorrectly apply the vacuum relation B=E/cB = E/c instead of the medium-dependent B=E/vB = E/v, ignoring the dielectric constant's effect on the magnetic field amplitude.

Quick Facts About This Question

Question Information

SubjectPhysics
ChapterWave Optics - Class 12
ConceptSuperposition Principle
Difficulty8
Cognitive Load7
Target Solve Time160 sec
AccessFree