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Question #42716

Difficulty: 8/10 | 🟢 Free

The Question

A uniform cylindrical metallic rod of length LL and cross-sectional area AA is placed between two thermal reservoirs. The ends at x=0x=0 and x=Lx=L are maintained at steady temperatures T0T_0 and 4T04T_0, respectively. Assume steady-state heat conduction and that the thermal conductivity of the metal is constant. According to the classical Drude model, the mean free path of conduction electrons is independent of temperature, making the relaxation time τ\tau inversely proportional to the root-mean-square speed of the electrons. If the electrical resistivity of the metal at temperature T0T_0 is ρ0\rho_0, what is the total electrical resistance RR of the rod?

Options

  • A.

    14ρ0L9A\frac{14 \rho_0 L}{9 A}

  • B.

    3ρ0L2A\frac{3 \rho_0 L}{2 A}

  • C.

    14ρ0L3A\frac{14 \rho_0 L}{3 A}

  • D.

    5ρ0L2A\frac{5 \rho_0 L}{2 A}

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Correct Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Explanation

How the Examiner Thinks

Multi-Concept_Bridge

Master problems that require linking physics and math concepts to solve complex competitive questions.

Concepts Behind This Question

Relaxation Time Dependency|Internal Energy Dependency|Steady State Temperature Gradient

Why This Question Is Tricky

Common Mistakes

This question tests the student's ability to link microscopic kinetic theory with macroscopic steady-state conduction and spatially varying fields.

The primary trap is assuming resistivity scales linearly with temperature (ρ∝T\rho \propto T), which is true for real metals at high temperatures due to phonon scattering, but contradicts the explicitly stated classical Drude model (τ∝1/vrms∝T−1/2\tau \propto 1/v_{rms} \propto T^{-1/2}).

A secondary trap is calculating resistance using the average temperature or average resistivity instead of integrating the local electric field E(x)=Jρ(x)E(x) = J\rho(x) over the non-uniform conductor.

Students who bypass the integration by using TavgT_{avg} or ρavg\rho_{avg} will incorrectly arrive at Option B, failing to recognize that series resistance requires integrating the local resistivity profile.

Quick Facts About This Question

Question Information

SubjectPhysics
ChapterCurrent Electricity - Class 12
ConceptRelaxation Time Dependency
Difficulty8
Cognitive Load7
Target Solve Time160 sec
AccessFree