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Question #42564

Difficulty: 8/10 | 🟢 Free

The Question

A toroidal magnetic core of volume V=10−3 m3V = 10^{-3} \text{ m}^3 is subjected to an alternating magnetic field H(t)H(t) oscillating between −H0-H_0 and H0H_0, where H0=100 A/mH_0 = 100 \text{ A/m}, at a frequency f=50 Hzf = 50 \text{ Hz}. The non-symmetric hysteresis loop of the material is modeled by the branches: B±(H)=μH±α(H02−H2)for H∈[−H0,H0]B_{\pm}(H) = \mu H \pm \alpha (H_0^2 - H^2) \quad \text{for } H \in [-H_0, H_0] where μ=6×10−2 T⋅m/A\mu = 6 \times 10^{-2} \text{ T}\cdot\text{m/A} and α=3×10−4 T⋅m2/A2\alpha = 3 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}\cdot\text{m}^2\text{/A}^2. The core is thermally insulated. By the First Law of Thermodynamics, the net work done by the magnetic field per cycle is entirely dissipated as heat. The total energy dissipated per cycle per unit volume includes both hysteresis loss and eddy current loss. The eddy current loss per cycle per unit volume is given by Weddy=kfBmax2W_{\text{eddy}} = k f B_{\text{max}}^2, where k=0.5 J⋅m−3Hz−1T−2k = 0.5 \text{ J}\cdot\text{m}^{-3}\text{Hz}^{-1}\text{T}^{-2} and BmaxB_{\text{max}} is the maximum magnetic field achieved in the cycle. If the temperature of the core increases by 1.0 K1.0 \text{ K} in 10 s10 \text{ s}, what is the heat capacity CC of the core?

Options

  • A.

    850 J/K850 \text{ J/K}

  • B.

    400 J/K400 \text{ J/K}

  • C.

    600 J/K600 \text{ J/K}

  • D.

    17 J/K17 \text{ J/K}

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How the Examiner Thinks

Multi-Concept_Bridge

Master problems that require linking physics and math concepts to solve complex competitive questions.

Concepts Behind This Question

Work Done in Non-PV Diagrams|Hysteresis Loop Area|Integration

Why This Question Is Tricky

Common Mistakes

This question tests the rigorous application of the First Law of Thermodynamics to a non-PV magnetic system, specifically targeting the conflation of static magnetic energy density with dynamic cyclic dissipation.

A common lethal mistake is assuming the energy dissipated is related to the static energy formula U=12BHU = \frac{1}{2}BH or incorrectly integrating the hysteresis area using standard geometric approximations (like an ellipse) instead of the exact integral ∮HdB\oint H dB.

Furthermore, it forces students to correctly superimpose frequency-dependent eddy current losses (Weddy∝fBmax2W_{\text{eddy}} \propto f B_{\text{max}}^2) with hysteresis losses, and remember that power requires multiplying the per-cycle volumetric energy by both volume and frequency before equating it to the thermodynamic heat capacity relation Q=CΔTQ = C \Delta T.

Quick Facts About This Question

Question Information

SubjectPhysics
ChapterThermodynamics - Class 11 Part 2
ConceptWork Done in Non-PV Diagrams
Difficulty8
Cognitive Load7
Target Solve Time160 sec
AccessFree