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Question #41841

Difficulty: 8/10 | 🟢 Free

The Question

Let A,B,A, B, and CC be three independent events associated with a random experiment, having probabilities p,q,p, q, and rr respectively. Define two matrices M1M_1 and M2M_2 as follows: M1=(P(A)P(B)P(C)P(Ac)P(Bc)P(Cc)111),M2=(P(B)P(C)P(A)P(Bc)P(Cc)P(Ac)111)M_1 = \begin{pmatrix} P(A) & P(B) & P(C) \\ P(A^c) & P(B^c) & P(C^c) \\ 1 & 1 & 1 \end{pmatrix}, \quad M_2 = \begin{pmatrix} P(B) & P(C) & P(A) \\ P(B^c) & P(C^c) & P(A^c) \\ 1 & 1 & 1 \end{pmatrix} It is given that the sum of the non-zero eigenvalues of M1M_1 is 136\frac{13}{6}, and the product of the non-zero eigenvalues of M2M_2 is 16\frac{1}{6}. If the expected number of events that occur during a single trial of the experiment is 1312\frac{13}{12}, what is the probability that at least one of the events occurs?

Options

  • A.

    34\frac{3}{4}

  • B.

    58\frac{5}{8}

  • C.

    1112\frac{11}{12}

  • D.

    23\frac{2}{3}

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Correct Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Explanation

How the Examiner Thinks

Monster

Ultra-high difficulty questions designed to test your limit, stamina, and deep conceptual understanding.

Concepts Behind This Question

De Morgan's Laws in Probability|Linear Dependency of Rows|Characteristic Equation

Why This Question Is Tricky

Common Mistakes

This question tests the integration of matrix eigenvalue properties with probability theory.

The primary trap lies in the construction of the matrices: students often attempt to use the determinant to find the product of eigenvalues, but here the rows are linearly dependent (R1+R2=R3R_1 + R_2 = R_3), making the matrices singular (det⁡=0\det = 0).

This forces the student to pivot to the characteristic equation, specifically utilizing the trace and the sum of principal minors to extract the non-zero eigenvalues.

Once the individual probabilities are found, the student must apply De Morgan's Laws to find the probability of the union of independent events, avoiding the mistake of simply summing the probabilities.

Quick Facts About This Question

Question Information

SubjectMathematics
ChapterProbability - Class 12
ConceptDe Morgan's Laws in Probability
Difficulty8
Cognitive Load7
Target Solve Time160 sec
AccessFree