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Question #41841
The Question
Let and be three independent events associated with a random experiment, having probabilities and respectively. Define two matrices and as follows: It is given that the sum of the non-zero eigenvalues of is , and the product of the non-zero eigenvalues of is . If the expected number of events that occur during a single trial of the experiment is , what is the probability that at least one of the events occurs?
Options
- A.
- B.
- C.
- D.
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Correct Answer
Step-by-Step Solution
Explanation
How the Examiner Thinks
Monster
Ultra-high difficulty questions designed to test your limit, stamina, and deep conceptual understanding.
Concepts Behind This Question
De Morgan's Laws in Probability|Linear Dependency of Rows|Characteristic Equation
Why This Question Is Tricky
Common Mistakes
This question tests the integration of matrix eigenvalue properties with probability theory.
The primary trap lies in the construction of the matrices: students often attempt to use the determinant to find the product of eigenvalues, but here the rows are linearly dependent (), making the matrices singular ().
This forces the student to pivot to the characteristic equation, specifically utilizing the trace and the sum of principal minors to extract the non-zero eigenvalues.
Once the individual probabilities are found, the student must apply De Morgan's Laws to find the probability of the union of independent events, avoiding the mistake of simply summing the probabilities.
Quick Facts About This Question
Question Information
| Subject | Mathematics |
| Chapter | Probability - Class 12 |
| Concept | De Morgan's Laws in Probability |
| Difficulty | 8 |
| Cognitive Load | 7 |
| Target Solve Time | 160 sec |
| Access | Free |