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Question #41388

Difficulty: 8/10 | 🟢 Free

The Question

Let u⃗,v⃗,w⃗\vec{u}, \vec{v}, \vec{w} be three unit vectors such that the angle between any two of them is π3\frac{\pi}{3}. Define three new vectors using the vector triple product: a⃗=u⃗×(v⃗×w⃗),b⃗=v⃗×(w⃗×u⃗),c⃗=w⃗×(u⃗×v⃗)\vec{a} = \vec{u} \times (\vec{v} \times \vec{w}), \quad \vec{b} = \vec{v} \times (\vec{w} \times \vec{u}), \quad \vec{c} = \vec{w} \times (\vec{u} \times \vec{v}) A variable parallelepiped is formed by the coterminous edges A⃗=u⃗+xa⃗\vec{A} = \vec{u} + x\vec{a}, B⃗=v⃗+xb⃗\vec{B} = \vec{v} + x\vec{b}, and C⃗=w⃗+xc⃗\vec{C} = \vec{w} + x\vec{c}, where xx is a scalar parameter. Let ΔV\Delta V be the exact change in the volume of this parallelepiped as xx changes from 00 to a small value ϵ>0\epsilon > 0. If dVdV is the estimated change in volume using the first-order differential approximation at x=0x=0, find the value of ΔV−dV\Delta V - dV.

Options

  • A.

    328ϵ2\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{8} \epsilon^2

  • B.

    00

  • C.

    28ϵ2\frac{\sqrt{2}}{8} \epsilon^2

  • D.

    324ϵ2\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{4} \epsilon^2

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Correct Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Explanation

How the Examiner Thinks

Monster

Ultra-high difficulty questions designed to test your limit, stamina, and deep conceptual understanding.

Concepts Behind This Question

Approximation via Differentials|Scalar Triple Product Volume Logic|Vector Triple Product Expansion

Why This Question Is Tricky

Common Mistakes

This question tests the limits of first-order differential approximations in vector calculus.

The trap lies in assuming the linear differential dV=[dA⃗B⃗C⃗]+[A⃗dB⃗C⃗]+[A⃗B⃗dC⃗]dV = [d\vec{A} \vec{B} \vec{C}] + [\vec{A} d\vec{B} \vec{C}] + [\vec{A} \vec{B} d\vec{C}] will yield a non-zero dominant term.

However, because the perturbation vectors a⃗,b⃗,c⃗\vec{a}, \vec{b}, \vec{c} are coplanar with the respective faces of the unperturbed parallelepiped (e.g., a⃗\vec{a} lies in the plane of v⃗\vec{v} and w⃗\vec{w}), the first-order volume gradient vanishes completely (dV=0dV=0).

The student must recognize this 'lethal collision' where the Jacobian is singular, rendering the linear approximation useless, and correctly expand the determinant to find that the volume change is governed entirely by second-order terms.

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Question Information

SubjectMathematics
ChapterApplication of Derivatives - Class 12
ConceptApproximation via Differentials
Difficulty8
Cognitive Load7
Target Solve Time160 sec
AccessFree