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Question #40849

Difficulty: 8/10 | 🟢 Free

The Question

Let MM be an orthogonal matrix of order 3 with column vectors c⃗1,c⃗2,c⃗3\vec{c}_1, \vec{c}_2, \vec{c}_3. Let u⃗=c⃗1\vec{u} = \vec{c}_1, v⃗=c⃗1+c⃗2\vec{v} = \vec{c}_1 + \vec{c}_2, and w⃗=c⃗1+c⃗2+c⃗3\vec{w} = \vec{c}_1 + \vec{c}_2 + \vec{c}_3. Two planes P1P_1 and P2P_2 have normal vectors n⃗1\vec{n}_1 and n⃗2\vec{n}_2 respectively. The scalar projections of n⃗1\vec{n}_1 onto u⃗,v⃗,w⃗\vec{u}, \vec{v}, \vec{w} are 1,2,31, \sqrt{2}, \sqrt{3} respectively. The scalar projections of n⃗2\vec{n}_2 onto u⃗,v⃗,w⃗\vec{u}, \vec{v}, \vec{w} are 2,0,−32, 0, -\sqrt{3} respectively. If θ\theta is the acute angle between the planes P1P_1 and P2P_2, then cos⁡θ\cos \theta is equal to:

Options

  • A.

    317\sqrt{\frac{3}{17}}

  • B.

    142\frac{1}{\sqrt{42}}

  • C.

    117\frac{1}{\sqrt{17}}

  • D.

    334\frac{3}{\sqrt{34}}

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Correct Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Explanation

How the Examiner Thinks

Bridge

Practice problems that bridge the gap between foundational theory and advanced practical application.

Concepts Behind This Question

Projection vs. Coordinate|Angle between two planes|Orthogonal Matrix Conditions

Why This Question Is Tricky

Common Mistakes

This question tests the distinction between scalar projections and coordinates in a non-orthonormal basis, embedded within the properties of an orthogonal matrix.

Students frequently fall into the trap of treating the given scalar projections directly as coordinates or assuming that the dot product of projections equals the dot product of the vectors (which is only true for an orthonormal basis).

By failing to use the orthogonality of the matrix columns to reconstruct the true normal vectors, they arrive at incorrect dot products and magnitudes, leading to the trap option.

Quick Facts About This Question

Question Information

SubjectMathematics
ChapterIntroduction to Three-dimensional Geometry - Class 11
ConceptProjection vs. Coordinate
Difficulty8
Cognitive Load7
Target Solve Time160 sec
AccessFree