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Question #40598

Difficulty: 8/10 | 🟢 Free

The Question

Let aa be the number of ways to select 4 items from 3 distinct types of items (assuming an unlimited supply of each type). Let bb be the number of ways to distribute 5 identical balls into 3 distinct boxes such that each box receives at least 1 ball. Let cc be the number of ways to select 2 items from 4 distinct types of items (assuming an unlimited supply of each type). Consider the system of linear equations: a11x+a12y+a13z=d1a21x+a22y+a23z=d2a31x+a32y+a33z=d3\begin{aligned} a_{11}x + a_{12}y + a_{13}z &= d_1 \\ a_{21}x + a_{22}y + a_{23}z &= d_2 \\ a_{31}x + a_{32}y + a_{33}z &= d_3 \end{aligned} where the coefficient matrix M=[aij]M = [a_{ij}] is a skew-symmetric matrix with a12=aa_{12} = a, a13=ba_{13} = b, and a23=ca_{23} = c. If the system has infinitely many solutions, the vector d⃗=d1i^+d2j^+d3k^\vec{d} = d_1 \hat{i} + d_2 \hat{j} + d_3 \hat{k} must be orthogonal to which of the following vectors?

Options

  • A.

    10i^−6j^+15k^10 \hat{i} - 6 \hat{j} + 15 \hat{k}

  • B.

    10i^−6j^−15k^10 \hat{i} - 6 \hat{j} - 15 \hat{k}

  • C.

    10i^+6j^+15k^10 \hat{i} + 6 \hat{j} + 15 \hat{k}

  • D.

    15i^−10j^+6k^15 \hat{i} - 10 \hat{j} + 6 \hat{k}

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Correct Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Explanation

How the Examiner Thinks

Bridge

Practice problems that bridge the gap between foundational theory and advanced practical application.

Concepts Behind This Question

Selection from Identical Items|System of Linear Equations (Cramer/Inverse)|Row/Column Exchange Parity|Skew-Symmetric Determinant

Why This Question Is Tricky

Common Mistakes

The problem integrates combinatorics (stars and bars) with linear algebra.

The coefficient matrix MM is a 3×33 \times 3 skew-symmetric matrix, which inherently has a determinant of 0.

For the system to be consistent (infinitely many solutions), Δx=0\Delta_x = 0.

The core trap lies in the 'Row/Column Exchange Parity' during determinant expansion or row reduction.

Students frequently ignore the alternating signs (−1)i+j(-1)^{i+j} of cofactors when expanding Δx\Delta_x, or forget the sign change when swapping rows to pivot during Gaussian elimination.

This parity error leads to incorrect signs for the coefficients of d2d_2 or d3d_3, trapping them in options B or C.

Quick Facts About This Question

Question Information

SubjectMathematics
ChapterPermutations and Combinations - Class 11
ConceptSelection from Identical Items
Difficulty8
Cognitive Load7
Target Solve Time160 sec
AccessFree