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Question #40306

Difficulty: 8/10 | 🟢 Free

The Question

Let A,B,A, B, and CC be three subsets of a universal set UU where ∣U∣=100|U| = 100. It is given that ∣A∣+∣B∣+∣C∣=120|A| + |B| + |C| = 120, ∣A∩B∣+∣B∩C∣+∣C∩A∣=37|A \cap B| + |B \cap C| + |C \cap A| = 37, and ∣A∩B∩C∣=5|A \cap B \cap C| = 5. Let nkn_k (for k=1,2,3k=1,2,3) denote the number of elements of UU belonging to exactly kk of these sets, and n0n_0 denote the number of elements belonging to none of the sets. If KK is the coefficient of x0n0x1n1x2n2x3n3x_0^{n_0} x_1^{n_1} x_2^{n_2} x_3^{n_3} in the expansion of (x0+x1+x2+x3)100(x_0 + x_1 + x_2 + x_3)^{100}, find the exponent of 55 in the prime factorization of KK.

Options

  • A.

    2

  • B.

    3

  • C.

    4

  • D.

    5

Check Your Answer

Correct Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Explanation

How the Examiner Thinks

Specialist

Targeted practice for niche, high-difficulty concepts that frequently appear in JEE Advanced exams.

Concepts Behind This Question

Venn Diagram Overlap Logic|Multinomial Theorem|Exponent of Prime in n!

Why This Question Is Tricky

Common Mistakes

This question tests the intersection of Venn diagram inclusion-exclusion logic and the Multinomial Theorem.

The primary trap lies in miscalculating the exact set overlaps.

Students frequently confuse n1n_1 (exactly one set) with ∣A∪B∪C∣|A \cup B \cup C| (at least one set), incorrectly calculating n1=S1−S2+S3=88n_1 = S_1 - S_2 + S_3 = 88.

This leads to a distorted multinomial coefficient K′=100!88!12!0!0!K' = \frac{100!}{88! 12! 0! 0!}.

Applying Legendre's formula to this incorrect coefficient yields an exponent of 2, a lethal distractor that perfectly masks the logical error in the combinatorics phase.

Quick Facts About This Question

Question Information

SubjectMathematics
ChapterSets - Class 11
ConceptVenn Diagram Overlap Logic
Difficulty8
Cognitive Load7
Target Solve Time160 sec
AccessFree